Preheat oven to 350°F. Line a 9x13 inch baking pan with parchment paper, leaving overhang on two sides for easy removal.
Make the crust by combining 2 cups flour and 1/2 cup sugar in a large bowl. Cut in 1 cup cold cubed butter using a pastry cutter until mixture resembles coarse crumbs.
Press crust mixture evenly into prepared pan. Bake for 15 minutes until lightly golden. Remove and keep oven on.
Beat 16 ounces softened cream cheese until smooth and creamy, about 2-3 minutes. Gradually add 1 1/2 cups sugar and beat until fully incorporated.
Add 3 eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition. Mix in 1/3 cup lemon juice, 2 tablespoons lemon zest, 1 teaspoon vanilla, 1/4 cup flour, and pinch of salt until just combined.
Pour filling over hot crust and spread evenly to edges. Bake for 25-30 minutes until center is just set with slight jiggle.
Cool completely in pan on wire rack, then refrigerate for at least 3 hours before cutting. Dust with powdered sugar and cut into 24 bars.